ABSTRACT
Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections stillconstitute major public health threats in many areas in Cameroon. To improve control measures, epidemiological data from environmental and human aspects are necessary to draw concrete control strategies to better follow-up the population at risk.Aim of the Study:This study aimed to investigate environmental risk factors related to infections in the Lolodorf health district, a high risk area ofsouth Cameroon. Methods:A total of 325participants who gave their informed consent were recruited for the study. Stool samples were collected and examined microscopicallyin search ofhelminth eggs and Original ResearchArticleprotozoan cysts using the Kato Katz and concentration Formol-ether techniques. Questionnaires were filled by participants to evaluate the risk factors.Results:Overall, 117 (42.9%) among the 325 participants harbored at least one parasite species with 75 (27.5%) having single infections and 42 (15.4%) having multiple infections. Ascaris lumbricoides(11.0%), Trichuris trichiura(26.4%), Hookworms (12.5%),Entamoeba coli(10.6%) and Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar(1,5%) were diagnosed. Females were more infected (48.7%;p=0.04) compared to males (35.2%). Infection rate varied significantly according to villages (p=0.001). Univariate analysis revealed the following: gender (48.7%;p= 0.04), agricultural activities (47.7%; p= 0.04) and absence of treatment (50.8%: p=0.02) to be risk factors correlated to infection. Other factors such as age (49.3%), family size (47.8%), absence of toilets (53.5%), irregular use of shoes (48.6%), not wearing shoes (60.0%), irregular hand washing before meals (48.4%) and eating raw food (45.5%) had high infestation rates though with no significance.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that people who had never received any treatment had high risks of being infected (p=0.01; OR =0.17; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.5).Conclusion:Improved sanitation, water supply and regular and extended deworming in the entire communities are fundamental issues in controlling intestinal parasitic infections
ABSTRACT
Les mycoses digestives sont habituellement retrouvees chez les sujets immunodeprimes en particulier les patients atteints de SIDA; Le but de cette etude etait de contribuer a une meilleure prise en charge des candidoses digestives chez les sujets positifs au VIH. L'objectif principal etait d'etudier le profil de sensibilite aux antifongiques des Candida spp isoles chez ces patients.MeTHODES Il s'agit d'une etude transversale et descriptive realisee de septembre 2011 a janvier 2012. Apres avoir obtenu le consentement des patients; un ecouvillonnage du muguet buccal et les selles ont ete ensemences sur milieu selectif Candichrom II. Le test de filamentation a permis de discriminer C. albicans de C. dublinensis. L'antifongigramme a ete realise par methode de diffusion sur gelose casitone. Les antifongiques testes etaient : amphotericine B; fluconazole; ketoconazole; miconazole; nystatine; itraconazole. Le logiciel EPI info 7 a ete utilise pour l'analyse des donnees et Excel pour les graphiques. ReSULTATS Nous avons identifie 4 especes : Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Candida dublinensis et Candida tropicalis avec une predominance de Candida albicans (45;65) et Candida glabrata (44;92). La quasi-totalite des souches 99 etaient sensibles au miconazole; 87 au ketoconazole; 62 a l'itraconazole; 38 au fluconazole; 5a l'amphotericine B. L'espece ayant presente le plus de resistance aux antifongiques etait Candida glabrata. CONCLUSION :Les derives azoles sont plus actifs que les polyenes. L'activite du fluconazole est limitee. Nous recommandons aux prescripteurs de preconiser l'utilisation du ketoconazole qui est plus actif et peut etre une alternative au fluconazole